cellular
• low number of sperm with tails
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• low epididymal sperm concentration
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• abnormally shaped sperm heads
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• very low sperm motility
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reproductive system
• low number of sperm with tails
|
• low epididymal sperm concentration
|
• abnormally shaped sperm heads
|
• very low sperm motility
|
• abnormal vesicles containing multiple spermatid heads present in seminiferous tubules and epididymal lumen
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• males are infertile and in vitro fertilization has very low success
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