Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• only dead or resorbed homozygous embryos are found at E11.5 - E12.5
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embryo
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• the second branchial arches are absent
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• at E9.5 embryos are posteriorly truncated
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• at E9.5 homozygous embryos are severely growth retarded
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• loss of mesenchyme cells is seen in transverse sections at E9.5
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• the notochord is fused to the neural tube
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• seen at E9.5
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• the notochord is fused to the neural tube
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• at E8.5 expression data indicate that somatic polarity and oscillation are absent, with markers for the posterior half of each somite absent
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• somitogenesis is irregular with some somites fused
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• the yolk sac appears blistered
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• the initial vascular plexus forms but the reorganization into a network of large vessels does not occur
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cardiovascular system
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• intersomitic vessels are absent or when present (in the anterior part of the embryo) show an irregular ladder shape
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• the dorsal aorta is smaller, lacks expression of ephrin B2, and shows markedly reduced recruitment of smooth muscle cells
• the dorsal aorta and vessels in the yolk sac have decreased expression of arterial-specific markers
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• the dorsal aorta and vessels in the yolk sac have decreased expression of arterial-specific markers
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• vessels in the head are thin, truncated, and do not form a finely branched network
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• heart looping does not occur
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small heart
(
J:101173
)
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• at E9.5 the heart appears small and thin in transverse sections
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• the pericardial sac is balloon-like
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• at E9.5 embryos lack circulation
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nervous system
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• at E9.0 - 9.5 most of the cells in the brain are positive for markers of early neurons and almost no cells are proliferating and at E9.5 - 9.75 the neurosphere forming cells are absent and many apoptotic cells are seen in the brai
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• the notochord is fused to the neural tube
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• seen at E9.5
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craniofacial
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• the second branchial arches are absent
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growth/size/body
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• at E9.5 homozygous embryos are severely growth retarded
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cellular
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• vessels in the head are thin, truncated, and do not form a finely branched network
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• at E9.0 - 9.5 most of the cells in the brain are positive for markers of early neurons and almost no cells are proliferating and at E9.5 - 9.75 the neurosphere forming cells are absent and many apoptotic cells are seen in the brai
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