endocrine/exocrine glands
• basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion rates are increased as is the insulin content of the pancreatic islets; however the fold-increase in insulin secretion in response to glucose and basal glucagon secretion are similar to wild-type
• in 12 week old male homozygotes no difference is seen in the number, size, or distibution of pancreatic islets compared to wild-type mice
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homeostasis/metabolism
• basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion rates are increased as is the insulin content of the pancreatic islets; however the fold-increase in insulin secretion in response to glucose and basal glucagon secretion are similar to wild-type
• in 12 week old male homozygotes no difference is seen in the number, size, or distibution of pancreatic islets compared to wild-type mice
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• on a normal chow diet postprandial and fasting blood glucose levels are decreased compared to wild-type
• on a high fat diet glucose levels increase in both homozygous and wild-type mice but the difference in blood glucose level persists
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• on a normal chow diet postprandial and fasting blood glucagon levels are increased compared to wild-type
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• on a normal chow diet postprandial and fasting blood insulin levels are decreased compared to wild-type
• after 6 weeks on a high fat diet postprandial insulin levels increase by about 48% in homozygotes compared to about 320% in wild-type mice
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• a 2.6-fold increase in fasting plasma leptin levels is seen on a normal chow diet; however after 6 weeks on a high fat diet no difference in leptin levels is found
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• after 6 weeks on a high fat diet homozygotes clear glucose more rapidly than wild-type mice
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• insulin sensitivity is increased on both a normal chow and high fat diets
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growth/size/body
• on a high fat diet homozygotes display a transient delay in weight gain
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