homeostasis/metabolism
• plasma GSH levels are reduced to about 1/2 wild-type and total non-protein-bound disulfide forms of GSH are increased; however GSH content of the liver, kidney, cerebrum, cerebellum, thymus, and spleen are all similar to wild-type
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• plasma levels of cystine are increased about 2-fold whereas plasma cysteine concentration is similar to that in controls
• plasma concentration of the total non-protein-bound disulfide forms of cysteine is much higher than in controls
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cellular
• homozygous embryonic fibroblasts die in culture unless supplemented with 50uM 2-mercaptoethanol, more than 1mM N-acetyl cysteine, or vitamin E (protects from death but does not support proliferation)
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• homozygous embryonic fibroblasts fail to proliferate in culture unless supplemented with 50uM 2-mercaptoethanol or more than 1mM N-acetyl cysteine
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