behavior/neurological
• signs of morphine withdrawal are reduced
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• in a conditioned place-preference assay maximal reward behavior response to morphine is seen at 2 mg/kg rather than 6 mg/kg as in wild-type mice
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• latency to withdrawal in a tail pressure test is increased in homozygotes
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• antinociceptive effect of 10 mg/kg morphine is enhanced in a hot plate test and tail pressure test
• homozygotes develop tolerance to the antinociceptive response of morphine but the latency to develop tolerance is increased compared to wild-type mice
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• prolonged latency in a hot plate test at 48, 50, 52, and 54 degrees C but not at 56 degrees C or in the tail immersion test
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homeostasis/metabolism
• basal corticosterone levels are slightly lower at 8 am and 4 pm
• insulin-induced hypoglycemia results in a greater difference in corticosterone levels between homozygotes and wild-type mice
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