pigmentation
• the fur of homozygous mutants grays prematurely, beginning on the snout as early as 5 weeks of age, then spreading to the trunk
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skeleton
vision/eye
• with age, the eyes of homozygous mice develop a "dry" appearance and corneal opacity
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hematopoietic system
• mutant mice exhibit a more pronounced reduction with age in Th2-associated antigen-specific IgG1 production following intraperitoneal immunization with ovalbumin plus alum than do control mice
• under culture conditions favoring exclusive Th1 or mixed Th1/Th2 differentiation, purified naive mutant CD4+ T cells showed a much stronger Th1 bias than did those from control mice (IFNgamma+:IL4+ ratio = 309 versus 108, respectively), although under conditions favoring exclusive Th2 differentiation, the response of the mutant cells did not differ from that of wild-type cells
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• regulatory CD4+/CD25+ T cells (Treg) from mutant mice consistently permit greater proliferation of naive CD4+ T cells than do Treg from control mice, particularly and significantly when Treg from older mice are compared
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immune system
• mutant mice exhibit a more pronounced reduction with age in Th2-associated antigen-specific IgG1 production following intraperitoneal immunization with ovalbumin plus alum than do control mice
• under culture conditions favoring exclusive Th1 or mixed Th1/Th2 differentiation, purified naive mutant CD4+ T cells showed a much stronger Th1 bias than did those from control mice (IFNgamma+:IL4+ ratio = 309 versus 108, respectively), although under conditions favoring exclusive Th2 differentiation, the response of the mutant cells did not differ from that of wild-type cells
|
• regulatory CD4+/CD25+ T cells (Treg) from mutant mice consistently permit greater proliferation of naive CD4+ T cells than do Treg from control mice, particularly and significantly when Treg from older mice are compared
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• mutant dendritic cells consistently produce higher levels of IL-12 without stimulation, and significantly higher levels during 24 hours' stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) than do wild-type DC, despite secreting similar levles of IL-10
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integument
dermal cyst
(
J:103186
)
• homozygous mutants develop acne-like cysts beneath the ventral skin, which progressively become larger and more numerous; these first appear at about 8 weeks of age in females, who are generally affected earlier and more severely than males
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• the fur of homozygous mutants grays prematurely, beginning on the snout as early as 5 weeks of age, then spreading to the trunk
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• hair loss begins on the caudal ventrum, then spreads to the lower back, and by 4 months of age homozygous mutant mice are hairless
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growth/size/body
dermal cyst
(
J:103186
)
• homozygous mutants develop acne-like cysts beneath the ventral skin, which progressively become larger and more numerous; these first appear at about 8 weeks of age in females, who are generally affected earlier and more severely than males
|