Analysis Tools
homeostasis/metabolism
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• retinyl ester levels are reduced in the liver, lungs, eye, and brain and are higher in adipose tissue than in wild-type on a normal vitamin A-sufficient diet and are reduced on a vitamin A-deficient diet
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• retinol levels are reduced in the liver, lungs, and eyes and are increased in the kidney, adipose tissue, muscle, brain, and tongues compared to wild-type on a normal vitamin A-sufficient diet, however no differences in serum retinol levels
• almost complete absence of retinol in tissues after 6 weeks on a vitamin A-deficient diet, indicating that homozygotes become vitamin A-deficient more rapidly
• serum retinol levels are significantly lower compared to wild-type on a vitamin A-deficient diet, indicating increased susceptibility to vitamin A-deficiency
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reproductive system
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• seen at 4 weeks and 3 months of age
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• dilated seminiferous tubular lumens
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• diffuse testicular hypoplasia/atrophy is prominent at 4 weeks of age
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• seen at 4 weeks and 3 months of age
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• dilated seminiferous tubular lumens
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• diffuse testicular hypoplasia/atrophy is prominent at 4 weeks of age
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• seen at 4 weeks and 3 months of age
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cellular
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• seen at 4 weeks and 3 months of age
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