Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• about 50% die before 3 weeks of age
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growth/size/body
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• reach only about 80% of normal body weight
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digestive/alimentary system
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• intestinal wall is stiff and fragile
• coss-sectional area of both longitudinal and circular muscle layers is about 4-fold greater
• intestinal villi are irregular and atrophic
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• intestinal smooth muscle cell hypertrophy
• nuclei and cytoplasm of the intestinal smooth muscle cells are larger and the distribution of mitochondria and dense bodies is less organized and micropinocytic vesicles are absent
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• proximal duodenum is greatly dilated due slower food transport
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• mass of jejunal smooth muscle is increased
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• numerous diverticula are seen in all parts of the intestine, predominately on the mesenteric side, except for the cecum
• diverticula are present in about 50% of mice 24 hours after birth and increase in number and size as mice age
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• slow waves in smooth muscle cells are irregular and variable, the amplitude of the slow waves is smaller and the frequency of slow waves is diminished
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• whole-gut transit time is about twice as long as wild-type
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• inflammation of the diverticula and the mesentery is common
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muscle
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• reduction of maximal responses to phenylephrine are also seen in thoracic aortas
• the maximal contractions produced by the femoral arteries are greatly reduced in response to K+ , the thromboxane A2 mimetic U46619, or the alpha1 1 adrenergic agonist, phenylephrine
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• slow waves in smooth muscle cells are irregular and variable, the amplitude of the slow waves is smaller and the frequency of slow waves is diminished
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• decrease in contractile potential of intestinal smooth muscle cells, with jejunal smooth muscle strips showing at least a 4 times lower contractile force per unit muscle mass as controls
• amplitude and frequency of spontaneous spikes is significantly lower in isolated jejunal smooth muscle strips
• receptor-independent contractions to carbachol, prostaglandin F2alpha, substance P, and serotonin are significantly lower
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immune system
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• inflammation of the diverticula and the mesentery is common
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adipose tissue
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• absence of subcutaneous fat
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• absence of visceral and subcutaneous fat
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reproductive system
infertility
(
J:104648
)
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• those that survive to adulthood are infertile
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cardiovascular system
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• increased heart weight to body weight ratio at 6 weeks
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• in 6 week olds
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• reduction of maximal responses to phenylephrine are also seen in thoracic aortas
• the maximal contractions produced by the femoral arteries are greatly reduced in response to K+ , the thromboxane A2 mimetic U46619, or the alpha1 1 adrenergic agonist, phenylephrine
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integument
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• absence of subcutaneous fat
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