mortality/aging
• mutants have a median survival of 10.8 months compared to the median survival of 24.2 months shown by wild-type
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growth/size/body
• mice often exhibit hepatomegaly
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homeostasis/metabolism
• starting at 3 months of age, mice present with hemorrhagic ascites
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neoplasm
• necropsy shows large primary tumors and numerous metastases that are solid and cystic in nature and up to several centimeters in diameter on visceral organs and the intraperitoneal space
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• in 2 month old mice, solid or cystic pancreatic adenoma are observed
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• pancreatic cancer found in mutants is predominantly invasive acinar cell carcinoma; mixed carcinomas with acinar and ductal features are observed
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• mice show an increased incidence of this type compared to wild-type
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• mutant mice are often found to have multifocal hepatocellular adenomas
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• metaplastic ductal structures are observed throughout the pancreas in close association with metaplastic acini
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• newborn and adult mice show acinar hyperplasia
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• in 2 month old mice, solid or cystic pancreatic adenoma are observed
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• pancreatic cancer found in mutants is predominantly invasive acinar cell carcinoma; mixed carcinomas with acinar and ductal features are observed
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digestive/alimentary system
• metaplastic ductal structures are observed throughout the pancreas in close association with metaplastic acini
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• newborn and adult mice show acinar hyperplasia
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liver/biliary system
• mice often exhibit hepatomegaly
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• mice show an increased incidence of this type compared to wild-type
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• mutant mice are often found to have multifocal hepatocellular adenomas
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