skeleton
• the neural arch of the atlas is discontinuous at the midline
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• the lateral mass of the atlas is usually fused to the exoccipital bone
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• anterior arch of the atlas is missing
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• the dens of the axis is missing
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• fusion of C1 and C2 vertebrae
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craniofacial
• the lateral mass of the atlas is usually fused to the exoccipital bone
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