mortality/aging
• none live longer than 10 days
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• 50% survived at P0, 30% at P1, and none live longer than 10 days
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growth/size/body
• do not grow as fast as controls
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cardiovascular system
• the pulmonary outlet of the heart is prominent with irregular hypertrophic trabeculation forming abnormal pouch-like spaces
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• dysmorphogenesis of the right ventricular outflow tract, with a narrowed lumen
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• exhibit a decrease in ejection fraction at P5, indicating reduced systolic function
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• mean heart rate is significantly lower at P0
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• significant prolongation of the P wave
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• significant prolongation of QRS duration and lower QRS amplitudes
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muscle
• exhibit a decrease in ejection fraction at P5, indicating reduced systolic function
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embryo
N |
• do not exhibit any defects in development and architecture of the placenta
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