mortality/aging
• mice survive to birth but display an increased incidence of perinatal death (16.7%)
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growth/size/body
• mice are much smaller compared to wild-type or heterozygous littermates
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cardiovascular system
• atrial pacing results in significant increases in the Wenckebach cycle and 2:1 atrioventricular block cycle lengths
• atrial effective refractory periods are lengthened in null animals
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