mortality/aging
• die between E10.5 and E11.5
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growth/size/body
• visible at E10.25 with some embryos (class I) showing severe growth retardation especially in the head and lower trunk regions and others (class II) with milder growth retardation and abnormal head and lower trunk development
• in the lower trunk growth retardation is seen around the septum transversum
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• seen in class II embryos by E10.25
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• at E9.75, development of the lumen in the head region is retarded, the cephalic mesenchyme is less dense, and contact between the cephalic mesenchyme and neuroepithelium is decreased
• by E10.25, class II embryos show more severe defects in the cephalic mesenchyme as well as extensive loss of cephalic mesenchyme
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embryo
• by E10.25, class II embryos display reduced development of the first branchial arches
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• by E10.25, class II embryos display reduced development of the second branchial arches
|
• visible at E10.25 with some embryos (class I) showing severe growth retardation especially in the head and lower trunk regions and others (class II) with milder growth retardation and abnormal head and lower trunk development
• in the lower trunk growth retardation is seen around the septum transversum
|
• at E9.75, development of the lumen in the head region is retarded, the cephalic mesenchyme is less dense, and contact between the cephalic mesenchyme and neuroepithelium is decreased
• by E10.25, class II embryos show more severe defects in the cephalic mesenchyme as well as extensive loss of cephalic mesenchyme
|
• in the lower trunk growth retardation is seen around the septum transversum
|
• thinner with increased apoptosis at E10.25
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• decreased intermixing of embryonic and maternal blood vessels at E10.25
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• by E10.25, all embryos fail to develop highly branched vasculature
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cardiovascular system
• decreased intermixing of embryonic and maternal blood vessels at E10.25
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• at E10.25, vascular branching is decreased in the head
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• at E9.25
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hemorrhage
(
J:107620
)
• bleeding is seen in some mice with thin myocardial walls
|
• vessels within the cephalic mesenchyme frequently rupture with bleeding mostly occurring in areas where the surrounding mesenchyme is absent
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nervous system
• vessels within the cephalic mesenchyme frequently rupture with bleeding mostly occurring in areas where the surrounding mesenchyme is absent
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• the neuroepithelial layer surrounding the area where the cephalic mesenchyme is normally located is thinner
• increase apoptosis is seen at E9.75
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digestive/alimentary system
• abnormal development of the mid and hind gut with overproliferation of cells seen in some areas of the gut wall at E9.75; however development of the foregut appears normal
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craniofacial
• by E10.25, class II embryos display reduced development of the first branchial arches
|
• by E10.25, class II embryos display reduced development of the second branchial arches
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muscle
• at E9.25
|