Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• homozygotes die around E12.5; hemorrhagic, resorbed embryos are detected at E10.5 but more often at E12.5
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embryo
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• embryos have a reduced placental fetal-maternal vascular plexus
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• at E10.5-12.5, yolk sac collecting vessels are absent
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• homozygous embryos are smaller and much paler than wild-type or heterozygous embryos, with the embryos being dysmorphic or much smaller and hypoplasic between E10.5 and 12.5
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• endoermal-derived organs fail to form in homozygotes
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• neuroepithelium is hypercellular and convoluted in the spinal cord and brain at E11.5; at E12.5 there is still disordered neuroepithelial growth resulting in convolutions throughout the brain and spinal cord
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• homozygotes have a reduced number of blood islands in the yolk sac
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growth/size/body
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• homozygous embryos are smaller and much paler than wild-type or heterozygous embryos, with the embryos being dysmorphic or much smaller and hypoplasic between E10.5 and 12.5
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cardiovascular system
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• rudimentary, thin-walled blood vessels with sparse blood cells are detected in the perineural regions
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• embryos have a reduced placental fetal-maternal vascular plexus
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• at E10.5-12.5, yolk sac collecting vessels are absent
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• homozygous hearts have rudimentary chamber formation
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nervous system
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• neuroepithelium is hypercellular and convoluted in the spinal cord and brain at E11.5; at E12.5 there is still disordered neuroepithelial growth resulting in convolutions throughout the brain and spinal cord
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neoplasm
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• in the B16-F10 melanoma-cell induced tumor model, heterozygous females show a significant reduction in tumor mass and tumor volume compared to male mice
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