mortality/aging
• 33% of homozygotes die during the first or third weeks after birth
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growth/size/body
• surviving homozygotes are smaller by ~10% than littermates during the first week after birth; at beginning of second postnatal week, animals are 80% of normal weight
• at 80 days of age, homozygotes are ~20% smaller than littermates
• there are two distinct classes of mutants with class 1 being less severely affected, being smaller throughout development and reaching 75-80% of normal weight; class 2 mutants show 68% mortality in the first 3 weeks of life with survivors being severely runted and only 60% of normal weight
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behavior/neurological
• mutants show a shorter latency in response a to hot plate stimulus
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nervous system
• reduction in cell numbers
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• reduction in cell numbers
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muscle
• number of nuclei in thigh muscle fibers is increased 2-fold in homozygotes with individual nuclei being elongated at 80 days after birth; phenotype is present in other skeletal muscles as well
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vision/eye
• punctate white spots are present throughout the fundus
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• there are dramatically reduced cell numbers in this layer
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• photoreceptor layer is only one cell layer thick with membranous debris filling the subretinal space
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• reduction in cell numbers
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• reduction in cell numbers
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pigmentation
• punctate white spots are present throughout the fundus
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