mortality/aging
• mutants treated with doxorubicin, an anti-tumor agent with cardiotoxicity, show a higher survival rate
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• mutants are prone to premature death after 20 weeks of age and show lower survival rates than wild-type at 42 weeks of age
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cardiovascular system
• hearts show hypertrophy of individual myocytes but no evidence of increased fibrosis, myofibrillar disarray, or inflammatory changes
• cross-sectional myocardial-cell diameter is increased
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• hearts show an increase in heart weight-to-body weight ratio
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• show dilatation of the left ventricles without a significant increase in wall thickness at 24 weeks of age
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• at 24 weeks of age, show depressed fractional shortening and increased cavity diameter of the left ventricles but no differences in left ventricular wall thickness and heart rate
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• develop heart failure after 20 weeks of age
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muscle
• hearts show hypertrophy of individual myocytes but no evidence of increased fibrosis, myofibrillar disarray, or inflammatory changes
• cross-sectional myocardial-cell diameter is increased
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• at 24 weeks of age, show depressed fractional shortening and increased cavity diameter of the left ventricles but no differences in left ventricular wall thickness and heart rate
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homeostasis/metabolism
• mutants treated with doxorubicin, an anti-tumor agent with cardiotoxicity, show a higher survival rate
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• mutants treated with doxorubicin, an anti-tumor agent with cardiotoxicity, show more preserved left ventricular function, and no myocardial cell apoptosis compared to wild-type, indicating prevention of acute heart failure
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growth/size/body
• hearts show an increase in heart weight-to-body weight ratio
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