growth/size/body
• in response to pressure overload stimulus mutants show less increase in heart weight normalized to tibia length sompared to wild-type
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• homozygotes exhibit an ~10% decrease in body weight with age
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cardiovascular system
• myocyte area (hypertrophy) is less than that observed in wild-type in response to pressure overload
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• in response to pressure overload stimulus mutants show less increase in heart weight normalized to tibia length sompared to wild-type
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• hypertrophy and increase in heart weight is reduced in response to pressure overload compared to wild-type
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• myocardial damage is increased in mice after ischemia-reperfusion injury
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reproductive system
• mice exhibit reduced fertility with age
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homeostasis/metabolism
• hypertrophy and increase in heart weight is reduced in response to pressure overload compared to wild-type
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• myocardial damage is increased in mice after ischemia-reperfusion injury
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muscle
• myocyte area (hypertrophy) is less than that observed in wild-type in response to pressure overload
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