cardiovascular system
• hearts show a significant decrease in the maximum rate of contraction (+dP/dt)
• the force-frequency relation of hearts is shifted to the right, indicating decreased contractility, however at very high stimulation frequencies (11 Hz), significant differences in contraction are not seen
• speed of contraction of heart muscle preparations is slower at low frequency, but not different at 14 Hz
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• hearts show a significant decrease in the maximum rate of relaxation (-dP/dt)
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homeostasis/metabolism
• exhibit a decrease in calcium affinity and rate of calcium uptake in heart ventricles, indicating a decrease in sarco(endoplasmic)reticulum calcium transport function
• ventricular myocytes show a decrease in calcium transient amplitude by 57%
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muscle
• hearts show a significant decrease in the maximum rate of contraction (+dP/dt)
• the force-frequency relation of hearts is shifted to the right, indicating decreased contractility, however at very high stimulation frequencies (11 Hz), significant differences in contraction are not seen
• speed of contraction of heart muscle preparations is slower at low frequency, but not different at 14 Hz
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• hearts show a significant decrease in the maximum rate of relaxation (-dP/dt)
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