mortality/aging
• most die in utero (between E16-19) or immediately after birth
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cardiovascular system
• massive enlargement of the atria is detectable at E16-19, with atria almost as big as the ventricles
• increase in atrial size is due to hyperplasia of atrial myocytes
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• heart weight and heart-to-body-weight ratio is increased 2.14-fold and 2.28-fold due to increase in atrial mass
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• myocyte hyperplasia leading to massive atrial enlargement
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• newborns under anesthesia have a significantly lower heart rate than controls
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• exhibit atrioventricular conduction block, as evidenced by a significant prolongation of the PR interval
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• exhibit widening of the QRS complex, suggesting a decrease in conduction velocity in the ventricles
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growth/size/body
• heart weight and heart-to-body-weight ratio is increased 2.14-fold and 2.28-fold due to increase in atrial mass
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• myocyte hyperplasia leading to massive atrial enlargement
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