reproductive system
N |
• mice are fertile
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• enlarged with age
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pigmentation
• accumulation of melanin in the dermis and subcutis of adults
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integument
• enlarged with age
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• progressive hair loss beginning 1 week after birth with no regrowth of hair detected through 24 months of age; however, a few evenly spaced, frail hairs remain
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• at P14 hair shafts are often misshapen with abnormal pigmentation patterns or absent
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• most nonpermanent regions of the hair follicle are lost and no regrowth of anagen hair follicles is seen in adults
• by P14 loss of differentiation specific markers and infiltration of phagocytic cells into the lower part of the hair follicle are seen
• at P9 many hair follicles with constrictions, kinks, or diffuse thickening of the hair bulb region are seen; however at P3 hair follicles appear similar to wild-type
• by P14 almost all hair follicles are abnormal with a wider lower portion and frequently no clear hair bulb
• at P14 the outer root sheath is disrupted and abnormal, large cells are seen within the hair follicle
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• accumulation of melanin in the dermis and subcutis of adults
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• localized areas of mild fibrosis in adults; however, the epidermis is largely unaffected with normal appearing adherens junctions and basement membranes, and no blister formation
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• more severe epidermal hyperthickening is seen in response to exposure to 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen in acetone; however this response is transient disappearing about 2 weeks after cessation of treatment
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• primary keratinocytes show a severe spreading defect
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