cellular
• starting at 4 weeks and becoming strong at >3 months in the cortex, autofluorescence of neurons in virtually all brain regions is detected, resulting from lipofuscin accumulation in initial axon segments of neurons; accumulation increases with age
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behavior/neurological
• mutants spend less time spent in center of elevated plus maze and number of open-arm entries is reduced in mutants
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• mice spend more time in center of test arena, indicating decrease in anxiety
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• mutants spend less time in vertical exploratory behavior, as measured by decreased vertical rearings
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• mutants show doubled tail-flick latencies compared to wild-type
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nervous system
• neurons in the brain show autofluorescence resulting from accumulation of lipofuscin
• soma of cortical neurons show reduced cathepsin D which is concentrated in proximal axons instead; other lysosomal markers are mislocalized in mutants vs wild-type
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• cortical neurons frequently show enlargements of the proximal axons, due to lipopigment deposits; deposits consist of lipid droplets associated with amorphous or granular material
• DRG axons have abundant storage material including curvilinear storage bodies and fingerprints
• granular osmophilic deposits (GRODs) in proximal axons contain mitochondrial ATP synthase and lysosomal proteins
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Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 3 | DOID:0110731 |
OMIM:204200 |
J:113752 |