mortality/aging
• 34 of 135 die at a mean age of 224 days with a cumulative mortality of 25%
• premature death is sudden with no signs of heart failure
|
cardiovascular system
• observe degeneration of cardiomyocytes within larger fibrotic areas of the ventricles at 22 months of age
|
• develop progressive cardiac fibrosis with age
|
• although at young ages exhibit enhanced left ventricle contractility, mutants show a loss in hypercontractility as they age
(J:108867)
• exhibit an increase in left ventricular (LV) dP/dt max and the ratio of dP/dt max to dP/dt min
(J:108879)
|
muscle
• observe degeneration of cardiomyocytes within larger fibrotic areas of the ventricles at 22 months of age
|
• although at young ages exhibit enhanced left ventricle contractility, mutants show a loss in hypercontractility as they age
(J:108867)
• exhibit an increase in left ventricular (LV) dP/dt max and the ratio of dP/dt max to dP/dt min
(J:108879)
|
• exhibit an increase in apoptotic cells in the ventricles at 12 months of age
|
cellular
• exhibit an increase in apoptotic cells in the ventricles at 12 months of age
|