cardiovascular system
• myocytes exhibit lipid deposition and increased number of mitochondria with evidence of mitochondrial degeneration
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• decrease in myocyte size, with mean area of myocytes about 18% smaller than controls
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• varying degrees of myocellular degeneration
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• progressive atrial hypertrophy
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• progressive atrial hypertrophy
• hearts exhibit expression of hypertrophic markers
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• ventricular mass decreases by about 18%
|
• hearts show small areas of myocardial fibrosis
|
• extent of myocyte shortening is smaller, during pacing, myocyte-shortening rate and velocity are both slower, and myocyte relaxation and overall contraction times are prolonged, indicating impaired myocyte contraction and relaxation
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• hearts subjected to a stepwise increase in cardiac workload exhibit hypercontractility
|
• impairment of diastolic function that is largely restricted to the early diastolic/late phase of relaxation (136% increase in Tau, the time constant of ventricular relaxation), whereas the initial fast phase of the diastolic pressure drop is unaffected, resulting in a prolongation of isovolumic relaxation
• extent of myocyte shortening is smaller, during pacing, myocyte-shortening rate and velocity are both slower, and myocyte relaxation and overall contraction times are prolonged, indicating impaired myocyte contraction and relaxation
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• mice exhibit higher intrinsic heart rates
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• in the presence of 2,3-butanedionemonoxime (BDM) which disrupts force-producing cross-bridge formation, myocytes are longer and narrower indicating an increase in sarcomeric activation
• extent of myocyte shortening is smaller, during pacing, myocyte-shortening rate and velocity are both slower, and myocyte relaxation and overall contraction times are prolonged, indicating impaired myocyte contraction and relaxation
|
• mild inflammation in the heart
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immune system
• mild inflammation in the heart
|
muscle
• myocytes exhibit lipid deposition and increased number of mitochondria with evidence of mitochondrial degeneration
|
• decrease in myocyte size, with mean area of myocytes about 18% smaller than controls
|
• varying degrees of myocellular degeneration
|
• extent of myocyte shortening is smaller, during pacing, myocyte-shortening rate and velocity are both slower, and myocyte relaxation and overall contraction times are prolonged, indicating impaired myocyte contraction and relaxation
|
• hearts subjected to a stepwise increase in cardiac workload exhibit hypercontractility
|
• impairment of diastolic function that is largely restricted to the early diastolic/late phase of relaxation (136% increase in Tau, the time constant of ventricular relaxation), whereas the initial fast phase of the diastolic pressure drop is unaffected, resulting in a prolongation of isovolumic relaxation
• extent of myocyte shortening is smaller, during pacing, myocyte-shortening rate and velocity are both slower, and myocyte relaxation and overall contraction times are prolonged, indicating impaired myocyte contraction and relaxation
|
• sarcomere lengths are shorter in left ventricular myocytes
• however, sarcomeric structure is intact
|
growth/size/body
• progressive atrial hypertrophy
• hearts exhibit expression of hypertrophic markers
|
cellular
• hearts show small areas of myocardial fibrosis
|
Mouse Models of Human Disease |
DO ID | OMIM ID(s) | Ref(s) | |
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 2 | DOID:0110308 |
OMIM:115195 |
J:56911 |