cardiovascular system
• evidence of myocyte necrosis and inflammatory change
• myocytes exhibit lipid deposition and increased number of mitochondria with evidence of mitochondrial degeneration
• frequent apoptotic nuclei are seen in myocytes
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• frequent foci of degenerating cardiac myocytes
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• myocellular disarray
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• progressive atrial hypertrophy
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• progressive atrial hypertrophy; increase in atrial mass is apparent at 4 weeks of age
• both left and right atria are affected, although a left atrial predominance develops with increasing age
• hearts exhibit expression of hypertrophic markers
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• ventricular mass decreases by about 18%
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• hearts show extensive areas of myocardial fibrosis
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• evidence of inflammatory change
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growth/size/body
• progressive atrial hypertrophy; increase in atrial mass is apparent at 4 weeks of age
• both left and right atria are affected, although a left atrial predominance develops with increasing age
• hearts exhibit expression of hypertrophic markers
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immune system
• evidence of inflammatory change
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muscle
• evidence of myocyte necrosis and inflammatory change
• myocytes exhibit lipid deposition and increased number of mitochondria with evidence of mitochondrial degeneration
• frequent apoptotic nuclei are seen in myocytes
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• frequent foci of degenerating cardiac myocytes
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• myocellular disarray
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• sarcomere lengths are shorter in left ventricular myocytes
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cellular
• hearts show extensive areas of myocardial fibrosis
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