respiratory system
• 71% mutants 18 to 22 months of age develop spontaneous lung cancer compared to 25% of wild-type
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• bronchial adenoma in aged mice
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• tracheobronchial hyperplasia
• tracheobronchial epithelium is taller and more crowded with greater numbers of proliferating cells
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• bronchial cell proliferation is increased in neonates
• proximal bronchi show irregular thickening and discrete dysplastic lesions
• in dysplastic lesions, the epithelium is thickened to 5 or more layers and the cells lose their normal basement membrane-luminal polarity
• bronchial epithelium progressively becomes more irregular throughout and shows frequent dysplastic lesions as mutants age
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• bronchial epithelial hyperplasia from birth, eventually leading to dysplasia in large airways
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neoplasm
• poorly differentiated squamous carcinoma that is contiguous with dysplastic bronchial/bronchiolar epithelium and invades into veins
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• 71% mutants 18 to 22 months of age develop spontaneous lung cancer compared to 25% of wild-type
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• bronchial adenoma in aged mice
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nervous system
• spinal accessory motor neurons fail to exit the spinal cord and inappropriately assemble into an ectopic spinal accessory nerve
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• spinal accessory motor neurons fail to exit the spinal cord and inappropriately assemble into an ectopic spinal accessory nerve
• spinal accessory motor neuron axons form disorganized nerve fascicles along the A-P axis of the spinal cord
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