mortality/aging
• homozygous embryos are detected in normal numbers to E11 but no viable embryos are found after that
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embryo
• arteries are grossly enlarged at E11
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cardiovascular system
• at E11, embryos have enlarged dorsal aortae; frequently the dorsal aorta is ruptured; fewer smooth muscle cells than normal surround the dorsal aorta
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• arteries are grossly enlarged at E11
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• epithelial cells extend processes that fail to establish tight cell-dell interactions
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• at E11, cardinal veins are severely enlarged and frequently ruptured
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• tight junctions between endothelial cells are often missing in embryos prior to death
• there are large intracellular spaces between endothelial cells and surrounding smooth muscle cells
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• atria in embryos are dilated at E11
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• myocardial walls are abnormally thin
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• at E11, embryos display pericardial effusion
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• at E11, embryos show widespread vascular hemorrhage
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craniofacial
• arteries are grossly enlarged at E11
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homeostasis/metabolism
• at E11, embryos display pericardial effusion
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