behavior/neurological
• the increase in mechanical or thermal pain sensitivity seen after intraplantar injections of inflammatory mediators (bradykinin, PGE2, and IL1B), capsaicin, or P2X3 and P2Y receptor agonists is significantly reduced or absent
• thermal, but not mechanical, hyperalgesia induced by intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant is absent
• however, basal mechanical and thermal pain thresholds, thermal hyperalgesia induced by nerve growth factor, thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity induced by injection of PGE2 into the subarachnoid space of the spinal canal, and increased mechanical pain sensitivity in the spared nerve injury model are similar to wild-type
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nervous system
• absence of the non-inactivating persistent tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium current in dorsal root ganglion neurons
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