neoplasm
• when treated with DMBA/TPA to chemically induce skin carcinogenesis, mutants develop skin papillomas earlier than wild-type controls; after 10 weeks of TPA treatment, >50% of mice have at least one papilloma compared to 5% of control mice
• at end of TPA treatment, all mutants developed tumors compared to 85% of controls
• mutants carry an average of 2-3 times as many tumors as control; as a result, 2-3 times as many mutants develop squamous cell carcinomas after end of TPA treatment
|
integument
• after treatment with UV-B, mutants show 27% more apoptotic keratinocytes in the interfollicular epidermis than controls
• cultured keratinocytes from newborns show significantly reduced apoptotic response to TNF alpha compared to controls
|
• animals >18 months develop chronic skin erosions (loss of epidermis)
|
• by 12 months of age, mutants develop lesions of the stratum corneum
|
• when treated with DMBA/TPA to chemically induce skin carcinogenesis, mutants develop skin papillomas earlier than wild-type controls; after 10 weeks of TPA treatment, >50% of mice have at least one papilloma compared to 5% of control mice
• at end of TPA treatment, all mutants developed tumors compared to 85% of controls
• mutants carry an average of 2-3 times as many tumors as control; as a result, 2-3 times as many mutants develop squamous cell carcinomas after end of TPA treatment
|
cellular
• after treatment with UV-B, mutants show 27% more apoptotic keratinocytes in the interfollicular epidermis than controls
• cultured keratinocytes from newborns show significantly reduced apoptotic response to TNF alpha compared to controls
|