skeleton
• osteoclasts are smaller and have less surface area than in controls
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• in vitro studies indicate that fusion of pre-osteoclasts to form large multi-nucleated mature osteoclasts is impaired while early steps in differentiation are unaffected
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• increase in bone mass and concomitant decrease in bone marrow space
• cartilage remnants characteristic of osteopetrosis due to defective bone resorption are seen
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• reduced serum levels of type 1 collagen cross-linked C terminal telopeptide indicating reduced bone resorption
• however, while the number of pits on dentine slices formed by mutant osteoclasts is reduced the area of individual pits is similar to wild-type
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hematopoietic system
• osteoclasts are smaller and have less surface area than in controls
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• in vitro studies indicate that fusion of pre-osteoclasts to form large multi-nucleated mature osteoclasts is impaired while early steps in differentiation are unaffected
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immune system
• osteoclasts are smaller and have less surface area than in controls
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• in vitro studies indicate that fusion of pre-osteoclasts to form large multi-nucleated mature osteoclasts is impaired while early steps in differentiation are unaffected
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homeostasis/metabolism
• reduced serum levels of type 1 collagen cross-linked C terminal telopeptide indicating reduced bone resorption
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cellular
• in vitro studies indicate that fusion of pre-osteoclasts to form large multi-nucleated mature osteoclasts is impaired while early steps in differentiation are unaffected
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