Analysis Tools
growth/size/body
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• exhibit a deficiency in inter-radicular and alveolar bone heights
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• with respect to tooth development, mutants show altered bone density, reduced jawbone trabeculation, lack of normal occlusion, and an enhanced open bite
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malocclusion
(
J:117870
)
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• show lack of normal occlusion and an enhanced open bite
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• Background Sensitivity: exhibit decreased body weight on the 129S4 background compared to a C57BL/6J background
• weights are about 30% less than in wild-type at 4 weeks of age
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• short stature
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• grow more slowly than wild-type
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skeleton
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• Background Sensitivity: develop pycnodysostosis on the 129S4 background but not on a C57BL/6J background
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• show separated cranial sutures with open fontanelles at 6 weeks of age
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• calvariae exhibit normal lacunae but have high numbers of osteoclasts
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• show separated cranial sutures with open fontanelles at 6 weeks of age
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• thin calvariae bones
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• exhibit reduced jawbone trabeculation
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• exhibit a deficiency in inter-radicular and alveolar bone heights
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• with respect to tooth development, mutants show altered bone density, reduced jawbone trabeculation, lack of normal occlusion, and an enhanced open bite
|
malocclusion
(
J:117870
)
|
• show lack of normal occlusion and an enhanced open bite
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• the number of osteoclasts in tibiae is about 15 times higher than in wild-type, particularly within the bone marrow
• osteoclasts lack normal apoptosis and senescence and exhibit over-growth both in vitro and in vivo, resulting in a high number of osteoclasts
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• distal phalanges are thin and exhibit acroosteolysis
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• tibiae are increased in thickness, show increased bone radiodensity and lack a normal marrow cavity
• tibiae show increased numbers of osteoclasts, particularly in the bone marrow, absence of Howship's lacunae and undegrated matrices
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• spondylolysis in the vertebrae
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• bone volume/total volume is about 3-fold higher in trabecular bone
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• bone volume/total volume is about 2-3 fold lower in bone other than trabecular bone
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• Background Sensitivity: severe osteopetrosis on the 129S4 background
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• Background Sensitivity: on the 129S4 background, develop pycnodysostosis, a disorder in which both osteolysis and osteopetrosis occurs in the same organism
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• bone resorption is down-regulated in the long bones (osteopetrosis) and is up-regulated in calvariae, phalanges, and vertebrae (osteolysis)
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• exhibit bone fragility
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limbs/digits/tail
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• distal phalanges are thin and exhibit acroosteolysis
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• exhibit acroosteolysis
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• tibiae are increased in thickness, show increased bone radiodensity and lack a normal marrow cavity
• tibiae show increased numbers of osteoclasts, particularly in the bone marrow, absence of Howship's lacunae and undegrated matrices
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craniofacial
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• show separated cranial sutures with open fontanelles at 6 weeks of age
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• calvariae exhibit normal lacunae but have high numbers of osteoclasts
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• show separated cranial sutures with open fontanelles at 6 weeks of age
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• thin calvariae bones
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• exhibit reduced jawbone trabeculation
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• exhibit a deficiency in inter-radicular and alveolar bone heights
|
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• with respect to tooth development, mutants show altered bone density, reduced jawbone trabeculation, lack of normal occlusion, and an enhanced open bite
|
malocclusion
(
J:117870
)
|
• show lack of normal occlusion and an enhanced open bite
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hematopoietic system
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• the number of osteoclasts in tibiae is about 15 times higher than in wild-type, particularly within the bone marrow
• osteoclasts lack normal apoptosis and senescence and exhibit over-growth both in vitro and in vivo, resulting in a high number of osteoclasts
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immune system
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• the number of osteoclasts in tibiae is about 15 times higher than in wild-type, particularly within the bone marrow
• osteoclasts lack normal apoptosis and senescence and exhibit over-growth both in vitro and in vivo, resulting in a high number of osteoclasts
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