mortality/aging
• most embryos die before implantation
• at E4.5 all homozygotes show varying degrees of deterioration
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• a few highly abnormal and underdeveloped embryos survive until just after implantation
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embryo
• no hatched embryos are found at E4.5
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• at the blastocyst stage
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• at E3 embryos contain about half as many nuclei as control littermates
• from E3 to E3.5 no increase in the number of cells in the embryo is seen compared to a doubling of the number of cells in control littermates over the same time span
• however nuclei are morphologically normal suggesting no defect in mitosis is present and no increase in the number of apoptotic cell is detected
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cellular
• at E3.0 - E3.5 cells in the blastocyst fail to enter the S-phase of the cell cycle
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• at E3.0 - E3.5 almost no BrdU incorporation is seen indicating a significant impairment in proliferation in the whole embryo
• from E3 to E3.5 no increase in the number of cells in the embryo is seen compared to a doubling of the number of cells in control littermates over the same time span
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