mortality/aging
• expected Mendelian distribution ratios by E9.5 and indistinguishable from either wild-type or heterozygous littermates
• showed growth arrest beginning between E9.5 and E10.5
• live embryos were not observed at E11.5
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embryo
• at E10.5
• histologically normal and no major structural defects in any organ systems were found
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• labyrinth layer remains cell dense in most E10.5 mutant placentas
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• exhibit fewer maternal-fetal interfaces in most E10.5 mutant placentas
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cellular
• growth rate of mouse embryonic fibroblast from E9.5 embryos was slower than that of wild-type counterparts
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growth/size/body
• at E10.5
• histologically normal and no major structural defects in any organ systems were found
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cardiovascular system
• exhibit fewer maternal-fetal interfaces in most E10.5 mutant placentas
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