mortality/aging
• mice that survived past birth, do not survive beyond 4 weeks of age
|
• less than 3% of mice reach term
|
• at E11.5 there is a decrease in the percentage of homozygous embryos
|
growth/size/body
• weight is reduced by 2- to 3-fold compared to heterozygotes and wild-type mice at 4 weeks of age
|
skeleton
short tibia
(
J:120066
)
• 4-week-old mice have reduced tibia
• mid-diaphyseal area has significantly reduced bone mineral density with reduced cortical thickness
• however, there is no change in the trabecular volume
|
• skeletal malformation in the vertebral column including kyphotic changes in the thoracic part and scoliotic changes in the abdominal part
|
• at E13.5 intervertebral discs, including the nuclei pulposus and surrounding cartilage, are absent
• postnatal mice lack intervertebral disks in scoliotic and kyphotic areas of the spine
|
• kyphotic changes in the thoracic part and scoliotic changes in the abdominal part of the vertebral column
|
• resulting from absence of the intervertebral disks
|
• mid-diaphyseal area of the tibia has significantly reduced bone mineral density
|
• in the mid-diaphyseal area of the tibia at 4 weeks of age
• however, there is no change in the trabecular bone volume of the tibia
|
• hyaline cartilage is reduced in ribs, metacarpal bones, phalanges, and tarsal bones
|
cardiovascular system
• at E11.5 microvascular networks in the central nervous system are poorly developed
|
• at E13.5 the middle cerebral artery is enlarged and rudimentary
|
• at E11.5 the microvascular networks in the central nervous system and perivertebral areas are poorly developed
• at E11.5, sprouting of the microvessels is severely impaired
• at E13.5 the microvascular networks in the perivertebral area are disorganized and poorly developed
|
• at E13.5, development of the larger blood vessels, such as the middle cerebral artery, is impaired
|
behavior/neurological
• limited movement
|
• rigid posture due to fusion of vertebral bodies
|
cellular
• serum-induced stress fibers in fibroblasts show greater disorganization in the formation of filamentous actin compared to wild-type cells
|
• 75% reduction in fibroblast migration as judged by a Boyden chamber assay and a 20% reduction in migration of fibroblasts in a wound-healing assay
|
limbs/digits/tail
short tibia
(
J:120066
)
• 4-week-old mice have reduced tibia
• mid-diaphyseal area has significantly reduced bone mineral density with reduced cortical thickness
• however, there is no change in the trabecular volume
|
nervous system
• at E11.5 microvascular networks in the central nervous system are poorly developed
|
• at E13.5 the middle cerebral artery is enlarged and rudimentary
|