liver/biliary system
• hepatic glycogen levels are decreased in fed mutants
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• GSK3 consensus phosphorylation is absent in livers of fed mutants, but is observed in adipose and lung tissue
• mRNAs for glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pc), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), phosphenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) are upregulated significantly in mutants; these genes have insulin response element (IRE) sequences in their promoters
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homeostasis/metabolism
• small but significant increase is seen in fed or fasted mutants compared to wild-type
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• small but significant increase is seen in mutants compared to controls
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• mice display significant glucose intolerance compared to controls
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• hepatic glycogen levels are decreased in fed mutants
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adipose tissue
N |
• no differences in amount or appearance of white adipose tissue in seem relative to wild-type
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• glucose uptake is lowered compared with controls
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muscle
• glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is significantly lowered compared with controls
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respiratory system
N |
• lung tissue is normal in amount and morphology relative to wild-type
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hematopoietic system
N |
• granulopoiesis is normal in mice relative to wild-type
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cellular
• glucose uptake is lowered compared with controls
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• glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is significantly lowered compared with controls
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