mortality/aging
• half the expected number of homozygotes survive until weaning due to decreased birth rates and cannibalism of small homozygote pups
|
• about 18% of E10-E13.5 embryos are homozygotes instead of the expected 25%
|
growth/size/body
• the weight of mutant mice is reduced about 40% with low body weight persisting throughout the lifespan of the mice
|
digestive/alimentary system
• thickness of intestines are reduced by about a third
|
• the number of cells in colon crypts are reduced by about a third
|
• intestines are smaller in length
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
• the number of cells in colon crypts are reduced by about a third
|
small testis
(
J:152134
)
• testis weight is decreased by 25% compared to controls
|
homeostasis/metabolism
• embryonic fibroblasts are insensitive to the anti-apoptotic effects of IGF-1
|
nervous system
• brain weight is decreased by 25% compared to controls
|
reproductive system
small testis
(
J:152134
)
• testis weight is decreased by 25% compared to controls
|
skeleton
• hip bones are smaller than controls
|
• vertebrae are smaller than controls
|