mortality/aging
• Background Sensitivity: on a 129P2/OlaHsd background, 50% of mice die within 1 year; mortality is observed only in adult animals
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cardiovascular system
• at greater than 10 weeks of age, unstressed mice show pronounced sinus arrhythmia
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• unstressed mice older than 10 weeks have abnormally high beat-to-beat heart rate variability (HRV)
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• treatment of mice with cholinergic agonists results in greater slowing of heart rate compared to wild-type at more than 10 weeks of age
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• mice show sinus pauses with junctional escape beats at a 40-fold increased frequency compared to wild-type (preceded by sinus slowing with prolonged P-P wave interval)
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• mutants exhibit 3 vs 0.2 in wild-type nonconductive P waves/hour (AV heartblock)
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nervous system
• mice display stronger baroreflexes upon activation of vagus nerve with phenylephrine
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