mortality/aging
• mice begin to die at day 9 or 10 and no mice survive past day 16
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cardiovascular system
• decreased in thickness
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• at day 1, mice have a 1.2 times higher ratio of heart weight to body weight compared with wild-type and the ratio progressively increases to 1.7 and 2.2 times higher at day 7 and 10
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• at 10 days, mice have a modest degree of cardiac fibrosis
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• reduced fractional shortening occurs
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• left ventricular end-diastolic and -systolic dimensions are larger
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• at 7 and 10 days, heart rates are slower
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growth/size/body
• at day 1, mice have a 1.2 times higher ratio of heart weight to body weight compared with wild-type and the ratio progressively increases to 1.7 and 2.2 times higher at day 7 and 10
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• body weight is decreased by 10% in 7- and 10-day mice compared to that of normal mice
• however, body weight is normal at day 1
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muscle
• reduced fractional shortening occurs
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• left ventricular end-diastolic and -systolic dimensions are larger
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