mortality/aging
craniofacial
cleft palate
(
J:122055
)
nervous system
• no respiratory discharges are recorded from the C4 ventral roots at E18 (4-18/minute in wild-type)
• at E14-15, discharges are very infrequent (0.59/minute) from C4, in comparison to wild-type (1.85/minute)
• nonrespiratory body-movement related discharges from ventral roots which are larger and are accompanied by a long-lasting trough are observed
|
• single neurons from rostrolateral medulla generate intermittent or continuous action potentials
• noradrenaline and substance P do not induce discharges in C4 ventral roots; substance P increases spike frequency of intermittently firing neurons but does not affect frequency in actively firing neurons
• strychnine has no effect on mutant neurons compared to effect seen on wild-type or Gad1/Gad2-null neurons
|
• neurons show spontaneous EPSPs but not IPSPs
|
respiratory system
• when animals are delivered at E18, homozygotes do not start autonomous breathing, unlike wild-type, and physical manipulation of the animals does not induce any respiration-like movements
|
digestive/alimentary system
cleft palate
(
J:122055
)
growth/size/body
cleft palate
(
J:122055
)
omphalocele
(
J:122055
)