behavior/neurological
• memory retention is impaired in Morris water maze; mutants spend less time searching in target quadrant after removal of platform in probe trials on days 3 and 4 of training; after 1 additional day of training, mutants can distinguish between target and nontarget quadrants
• when tested 14 days after last hidden platform training day, mutants exhibit loss of spatial memory compared with wild-type and heterozygous mice; memory formation occurs, but is less stable
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• mutants spend less time exploring a novel object compared to wild-type littermates in novelty recognition tests, showing impairment in nonspatial memory
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nervous system
N |
• early-phase LTP and LTD is normal in knockin mice; paired-pulse facilitation is normal
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• in vivo, CA1 hipoocampal and cortical neurons in 10-week old mice show a reduction in dendritic spine density (103 spines/100 um or 91 spines/100 um in wild-type hippocampal or cortical neurons (layer 1) compared to 88 spines/100 um or 68.4 spines/100 um in mutant hippocampal or cortical neurons)
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• hippocampal slices from mutants display a reduction in maximal fEPSPs, particularly at higher stimulus intensities
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• L-LTP is increased (seen in responses at 150-180 minutes)
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