growth/size/body
• slightly lower body weight over the first 7 weeks of postnatal development
(J:122391)
• male, but not female, body weight is on average 10% lower than in wild-type, mostly due to the decrease in skeletal muscle mass
(J:123052)
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muscle
• cardiac muscle mass is 17.1% lower in males but not in females at 7 weeks of age
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• the mean gastrocnemius muscle fiber cross-sectional area is 18% lower in males than in wild-type
• the number of myonuclei in gastrocnemius muscle is lower in males than in wild-type
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• the mean gastrocnemius muscle fiber cross-sectional area is 18% lower in males than in wild-type
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• males, but not females, display a 20-22% reduction it the skeletal muscle mass of the gastrocnemius, quadriceps, and tibialis anterior muscles at 7 weeks of age
• males exhibit 25.8% and 17.6% lower muscle mass of biceps and forearm, respectively
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cardiovascular system
• cardiac muscle mass is 17.1% lower in males but not in females at 7 weeks of age
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• heart weights in males are 11% lower than in wild-type
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• left ventricular mass is 21% lower than in wild-type
• however, ejection fraction does not differ from wild-type
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adipose tissue
• mean weights of the epididymal fat pad are higher than in wild-type
• however, observe no differences in parametrial fat weight in females
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