immune system
• mice have fewer and smaller germinal centers
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• the number of antibody-secreting cells from a secondary response (immunization followed by a booster) is lower in the spleen relative to wild-type mice
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• following immunization, the number of antibody-secreting cells in the spleen and bone marrow is increased relative to wild-type mice
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• 2 weeks after immunization with alum-precipitated PE, memory B cell numbers are reduced compared to in wild-type mice2 weeks after immunization with alum-precipitated PE, memory B cell numbers are reduced compared to in wild-type mice
• clonal expansion of memory B cells is impaired
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• the IgG response to DNP-KLH (dinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemacyanin is 2.5-fold lower and 5-fold lower at days 7 and 13, respectively
• DNP-specific IgG1 and IgG2c were markedly reduced while IgG3 and IgG2b levels were reduced less noticeably
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• in vitro, ovalbumin-primed T cells are unable to help B cells class switch
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• 3-fold fewer T cells migrate to the B cell follicle
• reactivation of CD4 T cells is impaired
• expansion of CD4 memory T cells is impaired
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• following infection with schiztosome egg antigen or heat-killed Proprionebacterium acnes (PA), dendritic cells produce lower amounts of interleukins 4 and 5
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• following infection with schiztosome egg antigen or heat-killed Proprionebacterium acnes (PA), dendritic cells produce lower amounts of interleukins 4 and 5
|
hematopoietic system
• mice have fewer and smaller germinal centers
|
• the number of antibody-secreting cells from a secondary response (immunization followed by a booster) is lower in the spleen relative to wild-type mice
|
• following immunization, the number of antibody-secreting cells in the spleen and bone marrow is increased relative to wild-type mice
|
• 2 weeks after immunization with alum-precipitated PE, memory B cell numbers are reduced compared to in wild-type mice2 weeks after immunization with alum-precipitated PE, memory B cell numbers are reduced compared to in wild-type mice
• clonal expansion of memory B cells is impaired
|
• the IgG response to DNP-KLH (dinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemacyanin is 2.5-fold lower and 5-fold lower at days 7 and 13, respectively
• DNP-specific IgG1 and IgG2c were markedly reduced while IgG3 and IgG2b levels were reduced less noticeably
|
• in vitro, ovalbumin-primed T cells are unable to help B cells class switch
|
• 3-fold fewer T cells migrate to the B cell follicle
• reactivation of CD4 T cells is impaired
• expansion of CD4 memory T cells is impaired
|