mortality/aging
• male chimeras cease mating over time
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reproductive system
• some sperm are bent between the middle and end piece and/or have looped tails unlike in wild-type mice
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• in a swim-up test, 50% of sperm fail to swim-up unlike wild-type sperm
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• male chimeras cease mating over time
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• male chimeras fail to produce heterozygotes bearing the allele
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• male chimeras cease mating over time
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homeostasis/metabolism
• testosterone levels in Leydig cells of chimeric males is decreased 80% compared to in wild-type mice
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• in male chimeras
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behavior/neurological
• male chimeras cease mating over time
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cellular
• some sperm are bent between the middle and end piece and/or have looped tails unlike in wild-type mice
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• in a swim-up test, 50% of sperm fail to swim-up unlike wild-type sperm
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