endocrine/exocrine glands
• the number of somatostatin producing islet cells is normal
• islet cell proliferation and apoptosis rates are decreased
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• the number of pancreatic polypeptide producing islet cells is reduced
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• the number of glucagon producing islet cells is reduced
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• the number of insulin-positive cells is reduced by half relative to wild-type mice
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• insulin-positive cell clusters are smaller
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• insulin secretion from pancreatic islet cells is increased in low-glucose medium and in response to elevated glucose concentration compared to in wild-type mice
• however, insulin tolerance is normal
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homeostasis/metabolism
• insulin secretion from pancreatic islet cells is increased in low-glucose medium and in response to elevated glucose concentration compared to in wild-type mice
• however, insulin tolerance is normal
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• increased insulin secretion from pancreatic islet cells is associated with elevated fasting plasma insulin
• insulin plasma levels for males (1053.8+/-288.1 pg/mL) and females (711.6+/-114.0 pg/mL) are increased relative to in wild-type mice (535.8+/-213.1 pg/mL and 379+/-193.6 pg/mL, respectively)
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• the level of glycerol in the pancreatic islets is increased greater than 2-fold
• under basal conditions the release of glycerol from pancreatic islet cells is reduced compared to in wild-type mice
• forskolin-induced glycerol release from pancreatic islet cells is abolished
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cellular
• islet cells glucose uptake is increased under basal and high-glucose conditions relative to in wild-type mice
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adipose tissue
N |
• mice have normal fat pad masses
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