neoplasm
• markedly increased proliferation of keratinocytes in response to DMBA (7, 12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene) and TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate)
• apoptosis is markedly reduced in DMBA and TPA induced tumors in comparison with the tumors from wild-type mice
• papillomas begin to appear at 11 weeks post DMBA and TPA treatment compared to 15 weeks in wild-type mice
• at 20 weeks after DMAB and TPA treatment about 80% of mice have papillomas compared to 40% of wild-type mice
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• the number of DMBA and TPA induced papillomas per mouse is markedly increased
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• the average number of large DMAB and TPA induced tumors (.5 mm in diameter) is profoundly increased at 20 weeks after DMBA and TPA treatment most tumors are still growing, unlike in wild-type mice where tumors are beginning to undergo growth arrest and dessication
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• at 20 weeks after DMBA and TPA treatment some papillomas have progressed to malignant carcinomas, no such progression is detected in wild-type mice
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homeostasis/metabolism
• markedly increased proliferation of keratinocytes in response to DMBA (7, 12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene) and TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate)
• apoptosis is markedly reduced in DMBA and TPA induced tumors in comparison with the tumors from wild-type mice
• papillomas begin to appear at 11 weeks post DMBA and TPA treatment compared to 15 weeks in wild-type mice
• at 20 weeks after DMAB and TPA treatment about 80% of mice have papillomas compared to 40% of wild-type mice
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integument
• markedly increased proliferation of keratinocytes in response to DMBA (7, 12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene) and TPA (12-Otetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) treatment
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• average thickness of the epidermis is significantly increased in response to DMBA (7, 12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene) and TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate), unlike in wild-type mice
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• the number of DMBA and TPA induced papillomas per mouse is markedly increased
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cellular
• markedly increased proliferation of keratinocytes in response to DMBA (7, 12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene) and TPA (12-Otetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) treatment
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