muscle
• the mitochondrial volume fraction is reduced (35.3+/-0.3% compared to 42.8+/-2.8% in wild-type mice) in the heart
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• the mitochondrial volume fraction is reduced (16.8+/-0.8% compared to 20.4+/-0.7% in wild-type mice) in soleus muscle fiber
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homeostasis/metabolism
• when fed chow or a high fat diet mice exhibit higher serum cholesterol levels compared to wild-type mice (chow, 2.20+/-0.23 mM compared to 3.34+/-0.20 mM; high fat diet, 3.45+/-0.30 mM compared to 5.37+/-0.24 mM)
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• with a 24 hours Surwit high fat diet challenge, triglyceride levels are lower than in similarly treated wild-type mice (0.35+/-0.03 mM versus 0.39+/-0.03 mM in wild-type mice)
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• when cold-acclimatized mice are treated with norepinephrine to oxygen consumption increases to only 60% of that observed in wild-type mice under the same conditions
• unlike in wild-type mice, thermoneutral mice treated with norepinephrine show no increase in oxygen consumption
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• at 9 week, the minimal metabolic rate at 22 degrees Celsius is increased
• at ambient temperature mice have an increased metabolic rate whereas at thermoneutrality and when cold-acclimatized mice have a lower metabolic rate relative to wild-type mice
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adipose tissue
• the gondal fat pad in 14 week old males is smaller than in wild-type mice
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• the fraction of small adipocytes (less than 2000 um2) is reduced and the fraction of large adipocytes is increased relative to in wild-type mice in male gonadal white adipose tissue
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• on a chow diet, mice have less total white adipose tissue content than wild-type mice but was composed of larger adipocytes
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• white adipose tissue adipocytes are larger in male gonadal, subcutaneous and omental white adipose tissue and in female gonadal white adipose tissue
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cardiovascular system
• the mitochondrial volume fraction is reduced (35.3+/-0.3% compared to 42.8+/-2.8% in wild-type mice) in the heart
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• mice exhibit a blunted increase in heart rate compared to wild-type mice when treated with 10 ng/min/g of dobutamine (beta1,alpha1-adrenergic selective agonist) and was even more evident at 40ng/min/g dobutamine
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cellular
• the mitochondrial volume fraction is reduced (35.3+/-0.3% compared to 42.8+/-2.8% in wild-type mice) in the heart
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• the mitochondrial volume fraction is reduced (16.8+/-0.8% compared to 20.4+/-0.7% in wild-type mice) in soleus muscle fiber
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growth/size/body
• mice weigh less than wild-type mice
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• with a 24 hours Surwit high fat diet challenge, mice exhibit increased liver weight increases but wild-type mice do not
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liver/biliary system
• with a 24 hours Surwit high fat diet challenge, mice exhibit increased liver weight increases but wild-type mice do not
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• with a 24 hours Surwit high fat diet challenge, mice develop severe steatosis whereas wild-type mice do not
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