mortality/aging
• embryo viability decreases between E8.5 and E9.5 with no viable embryos at E10
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embryo
• at E8.5, yolk vasculature contains slightly enlarged vessels
• after E8.5, embryos lack an organized vascular network
• at E9, cavities exist between the extraembryonic endoderm and mesothelium lined by endothelium unlike in wild-type embryos
• at E9.5, yolk sac endothelial cells exhibit an increase in proliferation (7+/-4% positive for anti-phosphohistone-3 staining compared to 6+/-2% in wild-type embryos)
• however, prior to E8.5 yolk vasculature appears normal and tight junctions remain intact
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• beginning between E8.5 and E9.5
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• when allantois explants from E8.5 embryos are cultured for 22 hours they form large VE-cadherin+ and PECAM-1+ areas that do not resemble the filigran meshwork formed, cover 39+/-8.7% more area than wild-type explants, and consist of a single cell layer whereas wild-type explants are multilayered
• however, freshly prepared allantois explants from E8.5 embryos contain proper vascular networks
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• at E8.5, embryos have pale and fragile yolk sacs that lack an organized vascular network
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cardiovascular system
• although an initial vascular network does form, vascular networks deteriorate by E10
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• at E9, intersomitic vessels are stunted or completely absent
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• at E9, intersomitic vessels are stunted or completely absent
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• at E9, PECAM-1 staining reveals a disorganized vascular pattern in the embryo
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• at E8.5, yolk vasculature contains slightly enlarged vessels
• after E8.5, embryos lack an organized vascular network
• at E9, cavities exist between the extraembryonic endoderm and mesothelium lined by endothelium unlike in wild-type embryos
• at E9.5, yolk sac endothelial cells exhibit an increase in proliferation (7+/-4% positive for anti-phosphohistone-3 staining compared to 6+/-2% in wild-type embryos)
• however, prior to E8.5 yolk vasculature appears normal and tight junctions remain intact
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• at determined by N-cadherin and VE-cadherin staining, at E9.5 the endocardium fails to attach to the myocardium and ventricular trabeculation is abnormal
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• at E9.5, the endocardial tube lacks the normal arborization
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growth/size/body
• beginning between E8.5 and E9.5
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muscle
• at determined by N-cadherin and VE-cadherin staining, at E9.5 the endocardium fails to attach to the myocardium and ventricular trabeculation is abnormal
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integument