cardiovascular system
• decreased ventricular weight-to-body weight ratio
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• reduced ventricular dimensions including reduced internal diameter and diastolic volume as determined by echocardiograph
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• there is 1.4 fold reduction in the mitral valve deceleration time, and in increase in the E:A wave ratio indicating filling of the ventricle is restricted
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• the passive tension of cardiac myocytes is significantly increased
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muscle
• the slack sarcomere length is reduced significantly from 1.9 micrometers to 1.8
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