cardiovascular system
N |
• cardiac morphology and muscle structure is normal
|
• the maximum rate of contraction is increased compared to wild-type mice
• however, time to peak pressure and half-relaxation pressure derived from intraventricular pressure tracings are normal
• at a low dose of isoproterenol, maximum rate of contraction is increased compared to in wild-type mice
• however, at high doses of isoproterenol mice exhibit the same maximum rate of contraction as wild-type mice
• under basal conditions the isometric force generated is 1.6 times that generated in wild-type atria and increased calcium fails to further increase the isometric force generated
• time taken for 50% relaxation and 90% relaxation are decreased compared to in wild-type atria
• unlike in wild-type atria, treatment of atria with isoproterenol does not affect isometric contraction
|
muscle
• the maximum rate of contraction is increased compared to wild-type mice
• however, time to peak pressure and half-relaxation pressure derived from intraventricular pressure tracings are normal
• at a low dose of isoproterenol, maximum rate of contraction is increased compared to in wild-type mice
• however, at high doses of isoproterenol mice exhibit the same maximum rate of contraction as wild-type mice
• under basal conditions the isometric force generated is 1.6 times that generated in wild-type atria and increased calcium fails to further increase the isometric force generated
• time taken for 50% relaxation and 90% relaxation are decreased compared to in wild-type atria
• unlike in wild-type atria, treatment of atria with isoproterenol does not affect isometric contraction
|