homeostasis/metabolism
N |
• serum glucose, cholesterol ester, and triglyceride levels and glucose tolerance are all similar to wild-type controls
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• on a high fat diet mice gain significantly more weight compared to controls
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• in mice on a high fat diet serum cholesterol ester levels are increased compared to controls
• however, on a standard diet serum cholesterol ester levels are similar to controls
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• at 28 weeks of age serum levels of unesterified free fatty acids are increased
• on a high fat diet the increase in serum free fatty acid level is larger than in diet-matched controls
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• at 28 weeks of age serum levels of glutamate pyruvate transaminase are significantly increased compared to controls
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• on a vitamin A deficient diet supplemented with beta-carotene (1000 ppm) visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and the intestine show an orange coloring and accumulation of beta-carotene is detected in the intestine
• on a vitamin A deficient diet supplemented with beta-carotene (1000 ppm) about a 35-fold increase in beta-carotene blood levels is detected
• conversion of pro-vitamin to vitamin A is impaired
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• on a vitamin A deficient diet supplemented with beta-carotene (1000 ppm) tissue beta-carotene and vitamin A levels are increased and decreased, respectively, compared to wild-type controls in all tissues except the kidneys
• on a vitamin A sufficient diet liver vitamin A levels are similar to wild-type controls but serum beta-carotene levels are elevated and all-trans-retinol levels are slightly but significantly reduced
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liver/biliary system
• the liver contains more lipid and hepatocytes display large lipid droplets in mice on a vitamin A deficient diet supplemented with beta-carotene (1000 ppm)
• liver lipid accumulation is also seen in 3 month old mice on a vitamin A sufficient diet
• at 25 weeks of age livers contain significantly more total lipids and triglycerides in mice on a vitamin A sufficient diet
• on a high fat diet mice accumulate significantly more lipid in the liver and show more, larger lipid droplets in hepatocytes compared to controls
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growth/size/body
• on a high fat diet mice gain significantly more weight compared to controls
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