behavior/neurological
• by 8 months of age mice exhibit difficulty feeding and grooming resulting in poor overall health
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• mice exhibit a decreased response to touch sensation in a sticky tape assay
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• while mice initially splay limbs when held by the tail they then rapidly clasp both fore- and hindlimbs
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• mice exhibit impaired performance on a rotarod test at 4 and 8 weeks of age with decline in performance between 4 and 8 weeks compared to wild-type mice
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• at 4 weeks of age, mice display splaying of the hindlimbs and extensor posturing of the limbs and tail at rest and lifting of the forelimbs that result in forelimbs being elevated above the surface for greater than 20 seconds
• by 10 weeks of age mice consistently maintain elevated hindlimbs
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• although mice maintain a normal gait their hindlimb placement is wider than in wild-type mice
• by 4 months of age widening hindlimb placement results in dragging the belly while walking
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bradykinesia
(
J:130927
)
• at 4 weeks of age
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nervous system
• at 2 weeks, cutaneous sensory afferents exhibit abnormally thickened fascicles that form thick cords in more lateral regions of the dorsal horn than in wild-type mice
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• by E15, mice exhibit abnormally superficial positioning of Meis+ glutamanergic neurons and the number of calbindin+ neurons is increased 3-fold compared to in wild-type mice
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• the superficial dorsal horn has 30% fewer neurons than in wild-type mice and neuron loss is not restricted to a single class of neurons
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• the cross-sectional area of the dorsal horn at C8 is smaller than in wild-type mice
• mice exhibit atrophy in the dorsal horn
• the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn is thin compared to in wild-type mice
• the superficial dorsal horn has 30% fewer neurons than in wild-type mice
• at 2 weeks, cutaneous sensory afferents exhibit abnormally thickened fascicles that form thick cords in more lateral regions of the dorsal horn than in wild-type mice
• however, at P15 the dorsal root ganglia appears normal
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growth/size/body
• at 2 weeks of age mice are smaller than wild-type mice
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cellular
• by E15, mice exhibit abnormally superficial positioning of Meis+ glutamanergic neurons and the number of calbindin+ neurons is increased 3-fold compared to in wild-type mice
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